Open Skies for Africa : Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision

In Africa, where poor roads, ports and railway infrastructure often constrain the rapid and efficient transportation of goods earmarked for export as well as passengers, air transport holds both a potential for growth and a role for the economic development of the continent by fostering trade and foreign investments. However, Africa's air transport industry has always been a relatively small player when compared with the global industry. After independence, most African states created their own flag carrier, which primarily served on a few intercontinental routes, while the domestic market remained thin. Several early attempts to unite various small African carriers did not bear fruit. As a consequence, the domestic air service market remained inefficient, underdeveloped, and uncompetitive. In order to address these shortcomings, on 14 November 1999, African Ministers responsible for civil aviation adopted the Yamoussoukro Decision on the liberalization of access to air transport markets in Africa. This pan-African treaty widely liberalizes air services on the African continent, and most African countries are bound to it. However, more than twenty years after the declaration of intent, and ten years after adopting formal liberalization of air services, full implementation of the liberalization has not been achieved, and many consider the treaty a failure. Nevertheless, in certain regions, as well as on various bilateral relationships, liberalization of African air services has indeed done significant progress, and several operators do benefit from it. This book highlights the shortcomings of the 20 year-old effort towards liberalization of air services in Africa, by analyzing pending or completed implementation steps both on a pan-Africa level, and within the various regions. A special focus is made on the challenges posed by the poor aviation