Optimal pumping scheduling model considering reservoir evaporation

Reservoir evaporation losses can be high in semiarid areas with high evaporative demand. The volume of water evaporated from a reservoir is a function of the free water surface area. In agricultural reservoirs this water surface varies depending on the volume of water stored. As reservoirs are usually relatively full of water over long periods of time, evaporation water losses are consequently high. Evaporation water savings could be achieved if a pumping policy that considered evaporation losses were developed. However, optimal pumping scheduling models proposed up to now do not take these losses into account.