A panel data analysis of the roles of education level and financial capacity on e-government adoption for higher transparency and efficiency in ASEAN countries

E-government is an emerging phenomenon that refers to the use of new and innovative technologies to provide services to citizens, which results in increased transparency and efficiency. Financial capacity of a country refers to the ability of a country or a government to manage the expenses and finances of the country and to make rational decisions related to finance. Level of education means the literacy rate or the number of knowledgeable people in the country. The basic plan of this study is to analyze the impact of education level and financial capacity on the e-government adoption by using the two control variables which are per capita income and GDP growth. The data for this study has been collected for the ASEAN countries for 28 years. In the research process, several techniques are used such as IPS unit root test, Pedroni cointegration test, coefficient test of FMOLS, Granger causality test, etc. The results of the study explain that financial capacity and education level have an impact on the GDP growth. However, per capita income does not have any impact on the GDP growth. This study has several implications and benefits which are related to practical, theoretical and policy making benefits for e-government adoption.