Par-delà les marchés et les États. La gouvernance polycentrique des systèmes économiques complexes

In this article, I recount the intellectual journey that was mine during the last half century. The "Institutional Analysis and Development" (IAD) framework enabled a number of colleagues and me to undertake a series of empirical case studies of common resources management around the world. Over time, a clear set of micro-situational outcomes emerged to identify structural factors that affect likelihood of increased social cooperation. It is now necessary to develop more comprehensive approaches to study more fully the factors that promote or hinder the emergence and robustness of these self-organized polycentric systems. If we really want to understand the complexity of the governance of economic and ecological systems, we should fully embrace it.