The European Union Regulation 168/2013 [1] requires an environmental effect study to confirm the provisions (defined therein and in Regulation 134/2014 [2]) for the type approval of the Euro 5 L-category vehicles (two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles, such as quads and minicars). This effect study aims at providing additional information using modelling, technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness analysis based on the latest available data. Upon request of DG-GROW (Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs), the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) undertook a pre-study [3] and the phase 1 of the effect study. The phase 1 includes the stocktaking of L-category vehicles and data mining of their type I test values (tailpipe emissions after a cold-start, prescribed driving cycle), which are presented in the present report. From the stocktaking collected, it was found that very scarce data related to other L-categories than two-wheel moped (L1e) and motorcycle (L3e) are currently available. In addition, data originating from different sources (e.g., manufacturers and EUROSTAT) displayed noticeable differences in terms of vehicle stock (up to 8%) and new registration, in particular for L1e category. A source of harmonized stocktaking data are required to ensure reliable model projections, and guarantee unbiased cost-benefit analysis. From the datamining on type I test values from L-category vehicles, the overview was achieved for actual L1e, L3e, powered tricycle (L5e) and heavy quadricycle (L7e) based on data collected from the German Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA). It was found that L1e was the category displaying the highest share of models with type I test values lower than Euro 4 emission limits, followed by the L3e and the L5e categories (63%, 8%, and 7% respectively). In addition, the L3e and the L5e categories presented models already complying with Euro 5 standards. Finally, the L7e category displayed models complying neither with Euro 4, nor Euro 5 standards. Therefore, among the L-categories studied in this report, L7e may have to undertake a significant effort to comply with the foreseen Euro 4 and Euro 5 standard.
