Policy implications of different theoretical approaches to organised crime

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand the origins and forms of organised crime and develop policy conclusions for deterrence efforts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins by contrasting two theories of justice and evaluating their merits with respect to organised crime. Sociological and economic origins of organised crime, its institutional forms and law enforcement responses are identified. Research into the theory of organised crime is complemented by historical examples from Italy and the USA. Findings – The paper finds that analysis of organised crime must go beyond the institutions of the state and its social contract with the populace. It must recognise relevant social and economic causative factors, and include institutional and rational choice analysis in order to better understand the nature of criminal organisations. Practical implications – Policy implications for deterrence efforts include support for the establishment of ad hoc enforcement agencies, infiltration of criminal networks, targeting the proceeds of crime, and statutes allowing prosecution for conspiracy or a broad range of racketeering offences. Originality/value – The paper presents a conceptual view of organised crime which provides useful policy conclusions and a basis for future research.