Propensity score analysis: an alternative statistical approach for HRD researchers

Purpose This paper aims to introduce matching in propensity score analysis (PSA) as an alternative statistical approach for researchers looking to make causal inferences using intact groups. Design/methodology/approach An illustrative example demonstrated the varying results of analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and PSA on a heuristic data set. The three approaches were compared by results and violations of statistical assumptions. Findings Through the illustrative example, it is demonstrated how different statistical approaches can produce varied results. Only PSA mitigated pre-existing group differences without violating the assumption of independence. Originality/value This paper attempts to answer calls in the literature for more robust statistical methodologies to better inform human resource development practice and theory.