Public Employment Services (PES) initiatives around skills, competencies and qualifications of refugees and asylum seekers

The document is structured as follows: 1. It first describes contextual factors influencing PES service provision, including validation of skills and qualifications for asylum seekers and refugees and discusses the challenges PES are facing in assessing qualifications and validating skills and competencies. 2. It also describes practices to recognise formal qualifications and methods to identify and assess non- and informal skills as well as focusing on newly developed tools by PES in-house or in cooperation with partners. 3. It gives an overview of how results of the validation process are used by PES. 4. Finally, it discusses issues to reflect on, in addition to areas that PES have expressed a desire to develop further.