Quantifying Commercial Policies.

This paper is concerned with the measurement of tariff and non-tariff barriers for use in quantitative analysis of commercial policies. Non-tariff measures are defined and classified, and the measurement of their effects is discussed. This includes a review of the inventory approach, under which NTMs are catalogued, modelling approaches, tariff equivalents, subsidy equivalents, the trade restrictiveness index (TRI), and effective rates of protection. There is also a brief discussion on sources of data on NTMs.