Réformes douanières au Bénin et libéralisation commerciale du Nigeria. Un modèle EGC avec concurrence imparfaite appliquée au commerce trans-frontalier

Tariff harmonization in the UEMOA (WAMU) at the beginning of 2000 will lead to an increase of tariffs in Benin. Based on a CGE model, this paper simulates the impact of this reform on Benin. We focus our model on the cross-border trade between Benin and Nigeria. We consider that cross-border trade is settled by the opportunity of lower tariffs in Benin and the existence of quotas in Nigeria. Cross- border traders are supposed to behave like monopolies, which allow us to introduce endogenous mark- up in the model. We show that the tariff harmonization will depress the cross-border trade but not necessarily Benin’s economy on a whole. A liberalization of the Nigerian’s economy will on the other hand lead to an uncompensated cut in Benin’s GDP.