Research Design and Causal Analysis in European Studies - A Meta-Analysis of the Europeanization Literature

In this paper, we contribute to the debate on research design and causal analysis in European integration studies by considering the sub-field of Europeanization. First, we examine the awareness of research design issues in the literature on Europeanization through a review of the debate on causality, concept formation and methods. Second, we analyze how much of the discussion of the trade-offs in causal analysis in mainstream political science has percolated in Europeanization studies. We therefore construct a sample of the Europeanization literature, comparing it to a control group of a sample of highly citied articles on European integration. This enables us to control if some patterns are specific to the Europeanization literature or reflect a more general trend in European integration. We then look at trade-offs in the Europeanization sample and in the control group. Our findings indicate that awareness of research design is still low. Europeanization articles differ from the control group articles in the focus on mechanisms (rather than variables) and the qualitative aspects of time in politics. Complex notions of causality prevail in Europeanization but not in the control group, and the cause-of-effects approach is preferred to effects-of-causes in the control group but not in Europeanization- in both cases, however, the difference is slight. We conclude by explaining differences and similarities, and make proposals for future research