Reversing the burden of proof : Practical dilemmas at the European and national level

This report examines the background to EU rules on the burden of proof, the development of principles laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and their application to the Racial and Employment Equality Directives in proceedings before civil and labour courts. Given that the bulk of this case law is related to the gender ground, it will necessarily rely on case law relating to gender discrimination. However, the focus will – as much as possible – be on judgments on race and ethnic origin, age, disability, religion and sexual orientation.