Self-Assembled Nanovesicles with Energy Expenditure, Nitric Oxide Release, Immune Activation for Boosting Systemic Immunotherapy

Rapid growth, easy metastasis and high recurrence of malignant tumors seriously restrict the cure rate of solid tumors. An effective strategy to improve the cure rate of malignant tumor is that modulating tumor microenvironment to retard the proliferation, damaging the primary tumor and remodeling immune system to inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence. Herein, we reported a self-assembled nanovesicles Fmoc-Cys/Fe@PFLB-GOx with capability of three-level cascade damage to ablate solid tumors. In this nanovesicles, firstly, GOx can change tumor microenvironment by consuming nutrients. Secondly, photo-triggered production of nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptosis of tumor cells by activating levels of strong oxidative stress. Lastly, the action pathway of NO to tumors can induce and enhance anti-tumor immune response to inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the proposed strategy and developed self-assembly in the work had excellent ablative ability for both primary and distal solid tumors