Short and long run determinants of brain drain : Evidence from Pakistan

This paper contributes to the literature by determining macroeconomic drivers of brain drain in case of Pakistan over the period of 1972-2012 using the ARDL bounds testing approach. Our findings show that economic growth and financial development have negative impact on brain drain. However, inflation, unemployment and trade openness aggravate brain drain. This study highlights macroeconomic insights for policy makers to control brain drain problem in Pakistan.