Single-till versus dual-till regulation of railway stations

This article analyses the impact of single-till and dual-till price-cap regulation of railway stations on welfare in case of an outside competitor for commercial services. It can be shown that dual-till instruments dominate for lower levels of fixed costs, whereas single-till regulation performs better for higher levels of fixed costs. The specified recommendation depends, however, additionally on the particular assignment of fixed costs. Since we yield two solutions for charging in case of a single-till regulation, the regulatory body will be obliged to adopt a dual-till regulation for all ranges of fixed costs, unless the station manager can be committed to apply the welfare maximising single-till price-cap.