Smartphone Dependence of University Students and Parental Rearing Attitudes

We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and perceived parental rearing attitudes. We administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires to 195 medical-university students designed to evaluate these factors. For females, the maternal high care/high protection group had statistically significantly higher scores for smartphone dependence than the low care/low protection group. No such relationship was apparent for male respondents. These findings suggest, at least for females, that smartphone dependence may be associated with perceived rearing attitudes.