This chapter explores the evolution and development of cognitive-aware sensitive systems, i.e., an emerging class of human-computer interaction technologies that integrate physiological, behavioural, and contextual signals to deliver adaptive, user-centred experiences. Drawing upon multidisciplinary research from neuroscience, psychology, artificial intelligence, and user experience design, we examine how systems can utilize signals such as EEG, EMG, GSR, heart rate, and eye-tracking to infer mental workload, emotional stress, and engagement levels in real time. Present work gives the insights on a comprehensive overview of the key components underpinning these systems, including sensor technologies, cognitive and affective modeling, adaptive feedback mechanisms, and practical applications in education, healthcare, transportation, and assistive technologies.