Study on minimum sanctions in the EU Member States : Final report ; Tender JUST/2013/JPEN/0047/A4

Year of publication:	2015-07
Institutions:	European Criminal Law Academic Network ; ECORYS-NEI, Rotterdam ; Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Justiz und Verbraucher (contributor)
Subject:	Abschreckung \| deterrence \| EU \| Freiheitsstrafe \| imprisonment \| Geldstrafe \| fine \| Recht \| law \| Strafe \| penalty

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Preface
Country codes
Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Research objective
1.3 Research approach
2. Legal situation on minimum sanctions
2.1 Scoping and definition
2.2 Minimum sanctions – general overview
2.2.1 Minimum imprisonment sanctions
...
2.3 General “technical” minimum limits
2.3.1 General minimum limits of imprisonment sanctions
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2.4 Categorisation of offences
2.5 Minimum sanctions for specific offences
2.5.1 Preliminary remarks
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2.6 Sources of minimum sanctions
2.7 Limitations to minimum sanctions
2.8 Situations in which minimum sanctions fall below their levels
2.8.1 Introduction
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3. Individualisation of sanctions
3.1 Sentencing: imposition of sanction
3.1.1 Mitigating circumstances and reduced sanction
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3.2 Mitigation: early release mechanisms
3.3 Mitigation in practice
3.3.1 Experience
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4. Implications of minimum sanctions on criminal law
4.1 On substantive law
4.2 On procedural law
5. Legal history and debate
5.1 Brief overview of the legal history throughout the Member States
5.2 Purpose of minima: practitioners’ perception at the national level
5.3 Trends and tendencies in the Member States
5.4 Constitutional debate in the Member States
5.5 Obstacles to EU legislation in regard to minimum sanctions?
6. Statistical analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Levels of minimum sanctions
6.3 Imposition and execution
6.5 Deterrence
6.5.1 Minimum sanctions and deterrence
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7. Summary and conclusions
7.1 Summary of the results
7.1.1 Legal systems
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7.2 Conclusions
7.2.1 General remarks
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Bibliography
Annex A Mitigating circumstances
Annex B Imposition and execution
Annex C Research team
Annex D Questionnaire

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