Substantive use of artificial intelligence : the role of individual differences

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly powerful, enabling users to perform tasks more efficiently and effectively. However, not all users are equally able to take advantage of its capabilities. We draw on previous literature that has introduced the concept of “substantive use” - the reflective consideration of how to use a system's features - to better understand individual differences in the context of AI. We contribute to the current literature in three ways: First, we summarize the literature on technology use and describe its relevance for AI-related research. Second, we review the literature and show that IS has already begun to investigate individual differences to understand the use of AI systems. Third, we propose a theoretical model t hat accounts for the direct and configurational effects of individual differences on substantive use behavior.