Testing for Breaks in Coefficients and Error Variance: Simulations and Applications

In a companion paper, Perron and Zhou (2008) provided a comprehensive treatment of the problem of testing jointly for structural change in both the regression coefficients and the variance of the errors in a single equation regression model involving stationary regressors, allowing the break dates for the two components to be different or overlap. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we present detailed simulation analyses to document various issues related to their procedures: a) the inadequacy of the two step procedures that are commonly applied; b) which particular version of the necessary correction factor exhibits better finite sample properties; c) whether applying a correction that is valid under more general conditions than necessary is detrimental to the size and power of the tests; d) the finite sample size and power of the various tests proposed; e) the performance of the sequential method in determining the number and types of breaks present. Second, we apply their testing procedures to various macroeconomic time series studied by Stock and Watson (2002). Our results reinforce the prevalence of change in mean, persistence and variance of the shocks to these series, and the fact that for most of them an important reduction in variance occurred during the 1980s. In many cases, however, the so-called “great moderation” should instead be viewed as a “great reversion”.