Text to Sign Language Translation System: A Review of Literature

Many machine translation systems for spoken languages are available, but the translation system between the spoken and Sign Language are limited. The translation from Text to Sign Language is different from the translation between spoken languages because the Sign Language is visual spatial language which uses hands, arms, face, and head and body postures for communication in three dimensions. The translation from text to Sign Language is complex as the grammar rules for Sign Language are not standardized. Still a number of approaches have been used for translating the Text to Sign Language in which the input is the text and output is in the form of pre-recorded videos or the animated character generated by computer (Avatar). This paper reviews the research carried out for automatic translation from Text to the Sign Language.