The Benefits for Rail Freight Customers of Vertical Separation and Open Access

<title>Abstract</title> This paper reviews and analyses the benefits for rail freight customers of the two principal models for introducing competition in main line railway networks: (1) the vertical separation of infrastructure from operations; and (2) the introduction of competition providing other operators with open access to the network. The paper shows that traffic growth has generally been higher in those European countries that have liberalized most. It then examines in detail the impact of restructuring in Great Britain in terms of the competition, freight rates and traffic growth. The paper concludes that vertical separation benefits freight customers more than just open access.