The dynamic of financial development, imports, foreign direct investment and economic growth: cointegration and causality analysis in Pakistan

The paper investigates the effect of financial development, imports and foreign direct investment (FDI) on output in case of Pakistan over the period of 1990-2008 using quarterly data set. ARDL bounds testing approach is applied to examine the long run relationship and the direction of causality is investigated by using VECM framework. Our findings confirm the existence of cointegration, showing long run relation between financial development, imports, FDI and real GDP. Financial development, imports and FDI have positive and significant effect on the output of the country. Causality analysis reveals bidirectional relation among the variables but strong causality is also running from financial development, economic growth and FDI to real imports.