The Effect of Blade Depth Ratio and Flow Velocity on the Performance of In-Stream Undershot Water Wheels

The effect of blade depth ratio and fluid velocity on the power production of a deep flow in-stream undershot water wheel was investigated experimentally in a recirculating water channel. The power output of the turbine was determined using a load cell and Hall effect sensor. This method allowed for not only power and force measurements, but also direct torque measurement. Overall, it was determined that the coefficient of power is proportional to both the blade depth ratio and fluid velocity, but there are some caveats based on siting requirements. This quantitative and qualitative analysis of undershot water wheels is an early step to modernise the technology and help achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 – ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all