The effect of ownership structure on water disclosure in Indonesian companies

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between ownership structure and the extent of water disclosure made by Indonesian listed companies. It is analyzed using the lens of agency theory which emphasizes the relationship between the principal and the agent. The data set comprises 673 Indonesian listed companies with 2279 firm-year observations for the period of 2018-2021. This study finds that institutional ownership has a negative and significant relationship with water disclosure. The extent of water disclosure is positively and significantly associated with government ownership and foreign ownership. Our finding indicates that companies tend to disclose less water information if the firms' shares are concentrated to a few hands of shareholders. Further analysis documents that industry sensitivity strengthens the influence of government and foreign ownership on the level of water disclosure.