The EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox : towards a cyber sanctions regime?

Despite numerous declarations about the need for stability in cyberspace, the evidence shows that governments are both able and willing to undertake malicious cyber activities for political, economic or security gains, including through attacks on infrastructure, cyber-espionage or intellectual property theft. Russia's alleged involvement in the attacks on the networks of the Democratic Party in 2016 - described as 'the crime of the century' by the Washington Post - or the mounting evidence that the North Korean cyber-gang Lazarus Group might be behind the WannaCry ransomware are just two recent examples.