The EU Seeking a New Balance between Regulatory Harmonization, Economic Convergence and Sovereignty

The paper addresses the delicate issue of 'governance of complexity', which characterizes the present historical moment marked by economic and political uncertainties. The limits of the European federalist conception are taken into account, which are the basis of a recovery of the traditional figure of the nation state, which is in conflict with the objective under the constitution of a "unity" of States. The lack of aggregating capacity of the "convergence" formula and the progressive transfer of sovereignty of the Member States is then highlighted. We see a climate of general disappointment due to the failure to implement the European 'federalist' project, based on sharing and solidarity between different peoples and countries. Populist movements were born in a context of widespread disappointment for the missed realisation of the European 'federalist' project, which should have been based on sharing and solidarity among different people and countries. In this context, specific emphasis has been put on the populist approach proposed by Italian politicians in order to shape a 'new model of democracy', giving way to a reality in which the affirmation of Eurosceptic nationalism reflects a critique of European technostructures aimed at overcoming the current Democratic-representative frameworks and creating an unprecedented form of direct deliberative democracy, operating from the bottom. The outlined situation of growing difficulties does not exclude, however, that even today there are valid reasons for the existence of the EU: maintaining conditions of peace and democracy, eliminating frontiers within the Schengen ea, promoting economic and cultural development among the Member States