The interaction of land use planning and transportation management : Lessons from the American experience

Concerns with traffic growth, congestion and environmental damage in the USA have resulted in important new legal frameworks, ordinances, financial structures and planning case law. Key elements include land-use controls (eg zoning, conditional development approvals, and designated growth management tied to transportation capacity), management of transport systems, capital programmes, revenue-raising devices, taxes on real estate development linked to the provision of services, traffic demand management ordinances, development rights, transfers and transportation impact fees. States and local governments are developing powers to apply comprehensive planning to mitigate traffic congestion, notably in California, Florida, Maine, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont and Washington.