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Material and efficient cause interpretations of the formative model : resolving misunderstandings and clarifying conceptual language
Lee, Nick, (2014)
Formative variables are unreal variables : why the formative MIMIC model is invalid
Cadogan, John W., (2013)
MIMIC models and formative measurement : some thoughts on Lee, Cadogan & Chamberlain
Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, (2013)