A series of interesting questions will be proposed and tried to be answered in this paper such as: Is there a limit of disaster-bearing capability in a region human-environment system (HES) when the system is hit by an extreme flood disaster? If so, what does it mean and how can it be explained? An assumption, naming the regional limit of flood-bearing capability (LFBC), is suggested and proved to respond these questions in this study. The LFBC model consists of three factors, namely, the disaster-causing factor (DCF), disaster-bearing factor (DBF) and disaster-regulating factor (DRF). The DCF can be selected from the cause analysis of flood, the DBF can be extracted from analysis of flood risk and vulnerability, and the DRF is responding to the analysis of flood risk management and measures. The logical relations among the three factors are determined by the analysis of flood inundation-loss models. The limit of disaster-bearing capability in regional HES is introduced by the principles of threshold analysis in terms of large-scale system theory, and can be expressed as the regional inundated depth or the amount of water in a flood. The LFBC model is built up following this idea, and approaches of its application are stated with the support of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS). Substantial changes in terms of system succession, such as reservoir resettlement, population migration and land use pattern change, would occur only when extreme flood beyond its limit of disaster-bearing capability in a regional HES. Otherwise, the difference can be use to measures the damage conditions. Combining the occurrence probability of extreme flood, the LFBC model could be used to provide the data support for flood damage assessment, regional disaster control and reduction countermeasures, and regional development planning. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
