The Role of Historical Resource Constraints in Modern Gender Inequality : A Cross-Country Analysis

We posit that historical resource scarcities played a role in the emergence of gender norms inimical to women, and that these cultural norms have persisted to this day. This thesis is supported by our finding that nations' historical resource endowments, as measured by the historical availability of arable land, are statistically significantly negatively related to their present levels of gender inequality, as gauged by the United Nations Development Programme's Gender Inequality Index