The underperforming state of Zimbabwe : a case study on tobacco contract farming

This chapter analyzes the inadequacy of state policies to assist small-scale tobacco contract farming in peripheral/communal areas in Zimbabwe. The paper is based on interviews and archival research. Random sampling research method was used in three peripheral communities in Zimbabwe with large numbers of farmers who grow tobacco under contract and those who do not. Access to statistical data from the Tobacco Information and Marketing Board (TIMB) in Zimbabwe was also obtained. Tobacco contract farming in Zimbabwe became a common farming practice after the 2000 fast-track land reform program. The paper explores the constraints that the absence of state policies causes in the contract farming industry and suggests improvement possibilities. These can be considered peripheral communities' developmental strategies. This chapter argues that the failure of the state to develop policies that shield farmers from exploitation and foster development causes the small-scale farmers to be linked to the world market from a highly exploitative position. There is a power imbalance between the two parties involved in a contract: the farmers and the foreign investors. The state fails to play a role in regulating this imbalance, such as mediating between the two opposing interest groups. A developmental state strategy in the tobacco industry of Zimbabwe could help small-scale farmers and improve the performance of the tobacco industry.