Transformation kinetics in 1-D processes with continuous nucleation: comparison of shielding and phantom effects

A derivation is presented for the fraction of material transformed as a function of time, X(t), for 1-D transformations which occur via continuous nucleation and growth of particles with a distribution of growth velocities. The derivation includes the effects of interparticle shielding as well as shadowed nucleation prevention (“phantoms”). The analytical results are compared with simulations and found to be in close agreement. The shielding effects are more dominant than the phantom effects, though both are important when exact information regarding the extent of transformation is desired.