Unlocking synergies: smart cities and the dynamic business model approach

This interview comprises the opening part of a doctoral defense in which Christian Nielsen acted as Sari Perätalo's opponent. The defense took place on November 24, 2023, at Oulu Business School, Finland, and the topic was "In search of a business model approach for smart cities." After the discussion conveyed in this paper, the doctoral defense focused on specific research outcomes, methodologies, and theories and illustrated that the PhD candidate indeed was extremely knowledgeable about the subject and should be awarded the degree of a PhD.