Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context

EUCAR, CONCAWE and JRC (the Joint Research Centre of the EU Commission) have updated their joint evaluation of the Well-to-Wheels energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for a wide range of potential future fuel and powertrain options, first published in December 2003. The specific objectives of the study remain the same: -- Establish, in a transparent and objective manner, a consensual well-to-wheels energy use and GHG emissions assessment of a wide range of automotive fuels and powertrains relevant to Europe in 2010 and beyond; -- Consider the viability of each fuel pathway and estimate the associated macro-economic costs; -- Have the outcome accepted as a reference by all relevant stakeholders.