Yang, Guang-fen; Wang, Zhi-ping; Li, Xiao-qiang - In: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and … 45 (2009) 1, pp. 16-28
This paper develops a model of a general closed-loop supply chain network, which includes raw material suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, consumers and recovery centers. The objective of this paper is to formulate and optimize the equilibrium state of the network by using the theory of...