Pino, Francisco J.; Vidal-Robert, Jordi - Department of Economics, University of Warwick - 2014
, and construct measures of polarization and fractionalization based on the cardinals’ places of birth. The deaths of popes … standard deviation in our measure of polarization raised the likelihood of internal conflict by between 2 and 3 percent in a … 1586 and 1588. Our measure of religious productivity, however, is negatively and significantly linked to polarization in …