Keiko, ITO; Junko, SHIMIZU - Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) - 2013
rates (NEERs) for Japan, China, and Korea for the 12 two-digit manufacturing industries for the period 2001-2009. Japan … industries, with the electrical and optical equipment industry being a major exception. China's ULCs are declining in most …'s relative prices. The negative impact of ULCs is largest for China, while it is negligible for Japan. However, the negative …