Liddle, Brantley; Messinis, George - In: Applied Economics Letters 22 (2015) 5, pp. 349-355
growth. Urbanization causes economic growth in high-income countries, but noncausality could not be rejected for both middle … countries where economic growth has a positive, causal effect on urbanization, but where urbanization has a negative, causal … effect on economic growth. Hence, urbanization and economic growth either co-evolve in low-income/African and high …