Bergbauer, Annika B.; Hanushek, Eric A.; Woessmann, Ludger - 2018
School systems regularly use student assessments for accountability purposes. But, as highlighted by our conceptual … over 6 waves in the international PISA student achievement test 2000-2015. Our empirical model exploits the country panel … fixed effects along with a rich set of student, school, and country measures. We find that the expansion of standardized …