Bordo, Michael D. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
forms of money: virtual (crypto) currencies like bitcoin; stable coins like libra/diem; and central bank digital currencies … fiduciary money and inconvertible fiat money; 2) the shift in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries from central bank notes to … a central bank monopoly; 3) Then evolution since the seventeenth century of central banks and the tools of monetary …