Jiménez-Martín, Sergi (contributor); … - 2003 - [Elektronische Ressource]
retirement age (like France and US), this mechanism could result in low income workers leaving
the workforce early, as they … (Normal Retirement
Age, ¿N) having contributed for more than 35 years. It is possible to start collecting the pension
at the … Early Retirement Age (ERA, 60 in Spain) under a 40% penalty on the beneflt base. This
corresponds to an 8% annual penalty …