Yousaf, Imran; Makram Beljid, Makram; Chaibi, Anis; … - 2022
the effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) and recent COVID-19 pandemic, we divide the sample period into four sub …-periods: the full sample without COVID-19, pre-GFC, post-GFC, and the COVID-19 crisis. The empirical results indicate significant … stock markets and global factors increase in both the return and variance during turbulent periods (post-GFC and COVID-19 …