This paper develops a functional and historical appraisal of finance. We start by proposing a taxonomy of three core, theory-driven functions of the financial system - intermediation, entrepreneurial, and accumulative - that coevolve throughout the history of capitalism. We build an empirical...

The global transition toward renewable energy is vital for achieving climate goals and strengthening energy security. The primary objective of the study is to examine the impact of different stances of monetary policy, namely price-based, quantity-based, and outcome-based monetary policy, on...