Li, Weiqi; Fu, Feng; Ma, Linwei; Liu, Pei; Li, Zheng; … - In: Applied Energy 102 (2013) C, pp. 718-725
In this paper, we present a process-based model to estimate the well-to-tank (WTT) costs of vehicle fuels (gasoline and diesel). The model breaks down the WTT process into four stages, i.e., crude oil sourcing (import and extraction), crude oil transportation, crude oil refining, and vehicle...