Flahaux, Marie-Laurence; Beauchemin, Cris; Schoumaker, Bruno - Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED) - 2014
The MAFE surveys (Migrations between Africa and Europe) reveal a downtrend in return migrations, notably among migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). A large majority of returns are spontaneous, rather than forced or encouraged by the host country. Only 16% of Senegalese...