Holtsmark, Bjart J.; Alfsen, Knut H. - Statistisk Sentralbyrå, Government of Norway - 2004
All Annex B parties but Russia, Australia and USA, have ratified the Kyoto Protocol so far. It is still an open … Protocol. Environmentally, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol without participation from Russia and Ukraine is obviously … the market. Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol without Russian/Ukrainian participation will, furthermore, imply higher …