Due to the modernization of medical technology and better standard of living today, the world is better equipped to fight a pandemic today than it was in 1918, when Spanish flu swept the globe and infected up to one-third of the world's population ( Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2020 )....

In the last decade the available labor force has expanded in Germany-despite the decline in the working-age population. The reason: labor market participation has increased, for women in particular and older people in general. Also noticeable was a rise in qualification level because...

In the second half of the 20th century, most industrialized countries experienced declining fertility, rising life expectancy and a slowdown of population growth. Standard models of R&D‐based growth predict that a decline in population growth reduces economic growth. We argue that this...

The rate of new business startups has fallen drastically over the last thirty-five years, accelerating greatly since the year 2000. Other measures of business dynamism such as the job reallocation rate are consistent with this trend, raising serious concern given the importance that young, high...