How to protect "captive shippers" from monopolistic abuses by a railway? In an "open access" system, it's straightforward: provide infrastructure access to a competing train operating company. In a system without open access - as in, for example, the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil -...

We empirically advocate for UK regulators to increase the volume limit of 15% outstanding shares on open market repurchases. Our main framework initially tests the determinants of share repurchases based on their size, Small, Medium and Large. The findings reveal that consistent with extant...

Meat production has grown significantly in recent decades. It provides a source of protein and enjoyment to billions of people. Livestock farming raises significant issues for the environment, including greenhouse gas emissions, expansive land and water use, polluted ecosystems, and lost...

We examine the causal effect of financial deregulation on publicly-listed firms’ ESG performance in a developing economy. Increased foreign ownership of Chinese firms under the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Connect programs increases firms’ ESG ratings; and improvements spill over to...