Public investment spending declined steadily in advanced economies during the last three decades. Germany is a case in point where the aggregate decline coincided with growing inequality in investments across districts. What explains variation in local investment spending? We assembled a novel...

The green transition will affect different places in diverse ways, as place specific and contextual factors, such as pre-existing industrial specialisations, shape how transitions unfold in various territories. In the absence of a place-sensitive approach to decarbonisation, regional disparities...